During the 2014 Oscars, they celebrated the 75th anniversary of the release of the “Wizard of Oz” by having Pink sing “Somewhere Over the Rainbow.”

But what few people realized, while listening to that incredible performer singing that unforgettable song, is that the music is deeply embedded in the Jewish experience. It is no accident, for example, that the greatest secular Christmas songs of all time were written by Jews. For example, “Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer” was written by Johnny Marks and “White Christmas” was penned by a Jewish liturgical singer’s (cantor) son, Irving Berlin.

But perhaps the most poignant song emerging out of the mass exodus from Europe was “Somewhere Over the Rainbow.” The lyrics were written by Yip Harburg.  He was the youngest of four children born to Russian Jewish immigrants.  His real name was Isidore Hochberg and he grew up in a Yiddish speaking, Orthodox Jewish home in New York.

The music was written by Harold Arlen, a cantor’s son.  His real name was Hyman Arluck and his parents were from Lithuania.

Together, Hochberg and Arluck wrote “Somewhere Over the Rainbow,” which was voted the 20th century’s number one song by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA).  In writing it, the two men reached deep into their immigrant Jewish consciousness – framed by the  pogroms of the past – and wrote an unforgettable melody set to near prophetic words.

Read the lyrics in their Jewish context and suddenly the words are no longer about wizards and Oz, but about Jewish survival:

 Somewhere over the rainbow Way up high, There’s a land that I  heard of Once in a lullaby. Somewhere over the rainbow Skies are blue, And the dreams that you dare to dream Really do come true.  Someday I’ll wish upon a star And wake up where the clouds are far behind me.  Where troubles melt like lemon drops Away above the chimney tops That’s where you’ll find me. Somewhere over the rainbow Bluebirds fly.  Birds fly over the rainbow.  Why then, oh why can’t I?  If happy little bluebirds fly Beyond the rainbow Why, oh why can’t I?

The Jews of Europe could not fly.  They could not escape beyond the rainbow. Harburg was almost prescient when he talked about wanting to fly like a bluebird away from the “chimney tops.”  In the post-Auschwitz era, chimney tops have taken on a whole  different meaning than the one they had at the beginning of 1939.